Judo is a martial arts sport that originated in Japan and was developed by Jigoro Kano in the late 19th century. It focuses on throws, grappling techniques, and submissions. Judo translates to "the gentle way" and emphasizes using an opponent's strength and momentum against them. Judo promotes physical fitness, self-defense skills, and personal development.

Here are some key aspects of judo as a martial arts sport:

Throws and Takedowns: Judo techniques involve throwing an opponent to the ground using leverage and balance. Throws are executed by using gripping techniques, footwork, and body positioning.

Ground Techniques (Ne-Waza): Once on the ground, judo practitioners use grappling techniques to control and submit their opponents. These techniques include joint locks and chokeholds to force the opponent to surrender or submit.

Randori and Shiai: Randori refers to free practice sessions where practitioners apply their techniques in a dynamic and cooperative manner. Shiai, on the other hand, refers to competitive matches or tournaments where practitioners strive to win by scoring points or achieving a submission.

Scoring System: Judo matches are scored based on the effective execution of techniques. Points, known as ippon, are awarded for clean throws where the opponent is thrown onto their back with force and control. Other techniques, such as partial throws and holds, can earn smaller scores.

Weight Classes: In competitive judo, practitioners compete within specific weight classes to ensure fair matchups based on size and weight. The weight classes can vary depending on the organization or event.

Uniform and Equipment: Judoka (judo practitioners) wear a traditional uniform called a judogi, consisting of a jacket (uwagi), pants (zubon), and a belt (obi). The color of the belt indicates the practitioner's rank or level of expertise.

Safety and Etiquette: Judo places a strong emphasis on safety and respect. Practitioners learn to control their techniques and protect their training partners. Respect for instructors, opponents, and the dojo environment is an integral part of judo training.

Philosophy and Character Development: Judo promotes personal development, discipline, and mutual respect. It aims to develop mental and physical strength, self-confidence, and a sense of sportsmanship.

It's important to note that judo is not solely focused on competition. It is also practiced for self-defense, physical fitness, and personal growth. Judo's principles and techniques have influenced many other martial arts and combat sports.
The rules in judo are established to ensure safety, fair competition, and to maintain the traditional values of the martial art. While specific rules may vary slightly depending on the organization or event, here are the general rules commonly followed in judo:

Scoring System:

Judo matches are scored based on the effective execution of techniques.
The highest score, known as ippon, is awarded for a clean throw that results in the opponent landing flat on their back with force and control.
Other techniques, such as partial throws or holds, can earn smaller scores.
Weight Classes:

Judo competitions are typically divided into weight classes to ensure fair matchups based on size and weight.
The specific weight classes may vary depending on the organization or event.
Duration:

Matches are usually timed and have a specified duration, typically ranging from three to five minutes for adults.
The duration can vary for different age groups and skill levels.
Throws and Takedowns:

Judo techniques focus on throws and takedowns using leverage, balance, and timing.
Clean, controlled throws that result in the opponent landing on their back with force earn the highest score (ippon).
Ground Techniques (Ne-Waza):

Once on the ground, judo practitioners can continue with grappling techniques to control and submit their opponents.
Techniques such as pins (holds) and submission holds (joint locks and chokes) can be used to achieve victory.
Penalties and Fouls:

Certain actions are considered penalties or fouls in judo, resulting in penalties or disqualification.
Examples of fouls include using excessive force, engaging in unsportsmanlike behavior, applying dangerous techniques, or deliberately avoiding combat.
Uniform and Equipment:

Judoka (judo practitioners) wear a traditional uniform called a judogi, which consists of a jacket (uwagi), pants (zubon), and a belt (obi).
The color of the belt indicates the practitioner's rank or level of expertise.
Safety and Etiquette:

Safety is of utmost importance in judo. Practitioners are trained to control their techniques and protect their training partners.
Judo training emphasizes respect for instructors, opponents, and the dojo environment.
Bowing to instructors and opponents is a common practice in judo to show respect.
It's important to note that the specific rules and regulations of judo may vary depending on the organization, event, or level of competition. Different organizations such as the International Judo Federation (IJF) and various national judo federations may have slight variations in their rules and regulations. It's always advisable to refer to the specific rules and guidelines set forth by the governing body or organization conducting the event for detailed and accurate information.